Organizations That Certify Productive Forests

The words sustainable forest or sustained yield comes to us from foresters of the 18th and 19th century in Europe. At the time, much of Europe was being deforested, and foresters became increasingly concerned since wood was one of the driving forces in the European economy. Wood used for heat became necessary to build homes and factories. Wood then was turned into furniture and other articles of manufacture and the forests that provided the wood were central to economic security. The idea of sustainability became popular and the idea was brought to the United States to be popularized by foresters including Fernow, Pinchot and Schenck. Modern efforts to define sustainable development and sustainable forest management have met with confusion and argument. A debate over criteria and indicators to be used to measure forest sustainability is at the heart of the issue. Any attempt to define sustainability in a sentence, or a paragraph, or even several pages can be limiting. I think you will see the complexity of the issue if you study the content and links provided here. Doug MacCleery, forest expert with the United States Forest Service, concedes that forest sustainability issues are very complicated and very much depends on agenda. MacCleery says, To define sustainability in the abstract is likely to be nigh on to impossible...before one can define it, one must ask, sustainability: for whom and for what? One of the best definitions Ive found comes from the British Columbia Forest Service - Sustainability: A state or process that can be maintained indefinitely. The principles of sustainability integrate three closely interlined elements-the environment, the economy and the social system-into a system that can be maintained in a healthy state indefinitely. Forest certification is based on the principle of sustainability and in the authority of the certificate to back up a chain of custody scheme. There have to be documented actions, demanded by each certification scheme, assuring a sustained and healthy forest in perpetuity. A worldwide leader in the certification effort is the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) who has developed widely accepted sustainable forest schemes or principles. FSC is a certification system that provides internationally recognized standard-setting, trademark assurance and accreditation services to companies, organizations, and communities interested in responsible forestry. The Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC) has made worldwide strides in the certification of smaller non-industrial forest ownerships.PEFC promotes itself as the worlds largest forest certification system...remains the certification system of choice for small, non-industrial private forests, with hundreds of thousands of family forest owners certified to comply with our internationally recognized Sustainability Benchmark. Another forest certification organization, called Sustainable Forest Initiative (SFI), was developed by the American Forest and Paper Association (AFPA) and represents a North American industrial developed attempt to deal with forest sustainability. SFI presents an alternative approach that may be a bit more realistic for North American forests. The organization is no longer affiliated with AFPA. SFIs collection of sustainable forestry principles were developed to achieve a much broader practice of sustainable forestry throughout the United States without higher cost to the consumer. SFI suggests that sustainable forestry is a dynamic concept that will evolve with experience. New knowledge provided through research will be used in the evolution of United States industrial forestry practices. Having a Sustainable Forestry Initiative ® (SFI ®) label on wood products suggests that their forest certification process assures consumers that they are buying wood and paper products from a responsible source, backed by a rigorous, third-party certification audit.

The Discovery Of The New World Essay - 1726 Words

By definition, a revolution is the overthrow of a suppressive government in favor of a new government, but it is also defined as a large change in society, or how it works. After the discovery of the New World by Christopher Columbus, European Nations competed in a race against one another to claim pieces of the new land. Before Columbus found this land, the sea separating the New World from Europe seemed endless. The Europeans were only interested in the land to the East. But with the New World there was so much to explore. The Europeans tossed aside their old toy to go play with a new one. During this time period of conquest throughout the New World it became known as the Age of Exploration. A New World meant more land, which meant places to build homes and plant crops, and more money to be earned by buying out new houses and selling new crops grown in foreign soil. These times of change are known as the American Revolution. At the time Spain claimed Mexico, and the Southwest porti ons of what would be known as America. France had their hands on most of present-day Canada, as well as Louisiana. The Dutch set foot on land they called New Amsterdam, however, The English, who had settled their first colony in Jamestown, Virginia, drove the Dutch out and claimed New Amsterdam for themselves, later renaming it New York. The English claimed more land as time passed, and eventually they had formed 13 different colonies in the Eastern part of America. The English Colonies wereShow MoreRelatedThe Discovery Of The New World1075 Words   |  5 PagesSince the arrival of Columbus to the New World in 1492, it began a new era for the Spanish Empire. During this time Spain successfully conducted the Reconquista back home and were power hungry for more land to conquer to keep the momentum going. The early explorations would lead to bigger conquest and fortunes for the Spaniards. After the reunification of Spain with Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand, they financed the expedition for the Genoese explorer, Christopher Columbus, for trading routesRead MoreThe Discovery Of The New World903 Words   |  4 PagesAfter the discovery of the New World in 1492 many issues and uproars took place. Particularly, Christopher Columbus viewed America as an opportunity for mankind to begin again. While Bartolomeo de las Cases considered the New World a place of abuse for the Native Americans and took the initiative to save the Native people. In general, the Europeans felt that the America had benefits and major setbacks of coming to the new lands. The following documents â€Å"The Meaning of America†, â€Å"Utilizing the NativeRead MoreThe Discovery Of The New World1178 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica, the third largest country in the world, is a place that most people desire to live in. It is filled with fifty states and each with plentiful opportunities spread amo ngst it. America is considered the land of opportunity because it gives opportunities to immigrants that their country cannot provide them with such as: economic stability and educational resources. America is also known today as the melting pot because so many cultures have mixed together in one country to enjoy the sameRead MoreThe Discovery Of The New World1191 Words   |  5 PagesThe discovery of the New World brought many irreversible changes not only for the European countries, but to the natives of the land that was being discovered. The sense of exploration began expanding more and more among the European powers. Every time the explorers invaded, they would be more avaricious and aggressive against the natives of the land. Along with diseases and inhumane treatments, the European powers also brought education to the â€Å"uneducated† crowds of areas such as India, Africa,Read MoreThe Discovery Of The New World1641 Words   |  7 Pagesship design that lead to the d iscovery of the New World and enabled the subsequent expansion in global trade? In this paper I will examine the changes and improvements in European ship design that allowed for the first transatlantic voyage to the New World. Though the Europeans were not the first to develop the concept of the ship, they were the first to take this concept and use it to cross the Atlantic. Even before Columbus sailed across the Atlantic to the New World, Europe had a long maritimeRead MoreThe Discovery Of The New World1128 Words   |  5 Pageswe really thank Columbus? He was not the first European to discover America, but he was the first to set voyage and sail across the fearful Atlantic to land in the New World. Soon the Spanish, Portuguese, British, Dutch and other European nations grew curious of this land on the other side of the world. The discovery of the New World was responsible for the transport of foods, domesticated plants, animals, diseases and most importantly human beings. The Atlantic Slave Trade became a thriving businessRead MoreThe Discovery Of The New World1257 Words   |  6 Pagesof America, recent World crops a bit like wheat, barley, rice, and turnips had not traveled west across the Atlantic , and New World crops a bit like maize, white potatoes, sweet potatoes, and manioc had not traveled east to Europe. among land, there aren t any horses, cattle, sheep, or goats, all animals of recent World origin. apart from the placental, alpaca, dog, a few fowl, and guinea pig, the New World had no equivalents to the domesticated animals about the recent World, nor did it have theRead More Columbus and the New World Discovery Essay4487 Words   |  18 PagesColumbus and the New World Discovery October 12, 1992, marks the five-hundredth anniversary of the most crucial of all encounters between Europe and the Americas. In the contemporary global mood, however, the quincentennial of Christopher Columbuss landing in the New World - new, anyway, to the European intruders; old and familiar to its inhabitants - seems an occasion less for celebration than for mediation. Indeed, in some quarters the call is for penitence and remorse. Christopher ColumbusRead More The Merging of Cultures During the New World Discovery Essay1066 Words   |  5 PagesThe Merging of Cultures During the New World Discovery The voyages of the Iberians marked history. The discovery of the new world meant the unification of two old worlds. These old worlds had different beliefs, attitudes, language, and values. The culture of these two worlds would never be the same. The native peoples of America at the end of the fifteenth century ranged from the simplest hunting-fishing-gathering societies to highly developed civilizations with urban and peasant componentsRead MoreDevastation of New World Ecosystems During the Age of Discovery3100 Words   |  13 PagesThe New World, in the minds and descriptions of European explorers and settlers during the sixteenth century, was comparable to a paradise on earth. The landscape was so vast and indescribably beautiful that even Columbus had trouble articulating its splendor. However, lacking a consciousness of conservation, Europeans felt little remorse in exploiting the land and subjugating its people. From the beginning Europeans set out to transform as much of the New World into the Old World as possible. As

Roles, Responsibilities and Relationships in Lifelong Learning Free Essays

Cleo Peries 17/04/2013 Unit 008 Roles, responsibilities and relationships in lifelong learning. 1. 1 Summarise key aspects of legislation, regulatory requirements and codes of practice relating to own role and responsibilities. We will write a custom essay sample on Roles, Responsibilities and Relationships in Lifelong Learning or any similar topic only for you Order Now As an IT teacher, it is my duty to research and learn about Theories and Principles of Learning. I need to have a full understanding of the psychology of learning. The three main schools are Behaviourist, Cognitivist and Humanist. Current Legislative Requirements Equality Act 2010 (this includes): †¢ Sex Discrimination Act 1976 †¢ Race Relations Act 1976 †¢ Disability Discrimination Act 1995 †¢ Employment Equality (Religion and Belief) Regulations 2003 †¢ Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2003 †¢ Employment Equality (Age) Regulations 2006 As a teacher I have to abide by certain legal requirements – one being the Equality Act – this means I need to ensure that all the students in my class feel comfortable to be able to express themselves in a place of safety where their views and beliefs are respected by all students. I need to ensure that all the students are treated as individuals whilst being given a fair and equal opportunity to learn. Health and Safety Act at Work Regulations 1999 It is important to ensure Health and Safety Regulations are met – I teach in a class with computers and consequently, to name a few, I need to ensure that there are no leads lying around to cause accidents, chairs can be adjusted to the correct height for desks, sockets are not overloaded, classroom lights are fully operational, and ensure that every hour or so the students look away from the computer screen for at least 5 minutes, taking a break whilst we discuss the exercise at hand. Data Protection Act 1998 I have a duty to respect the Data Protection Act ensuring a student’s rights are kept intact. I cannot pass any information from an individual to a third party without their prior written consent ensuring confidentiality is protected. 1|P a g e Cleo Peries 17/04/2013 The copyright designs and patents Acts 1998 and 2003 ‘The law gives the creators of literary, dramatic, musical, artistic works, sound recordings, broadcasts, films and typographical arrangement of published editions, rights to control the ways in which their material may be used. UKCCS Fact Sheet Issued April 2000; Last Updated 2009) http://www. copyrightservice. co. uk/copyright/p01_uk_copyright_law (viewed 17/04/2013) I need to ensure that the exercises I set are all my own work – the Copyright Act applies more to me than my students. Children’s Act 2004 (Every Child Matters) The Children’s Act aims to create boundaries to ensure that children feel supported i n the learning process. The Act also proves useful in the Adult Learning Sector as some adults may have learning difficulties, dyslexia, or even language barriers that may not be obvious from the start, so in general I need to be more creative in including them without isolating them – I like to teach by example as it has been proven students that struggle find it easier to understand an exercise if I do it first and then watch them as they do it. Students tend to learn quicker from practice than theory, and adults that may be a little more challenged feel included and happier they can contribute at the same level as the rest of the students giving them the confidence to be more receptive in the class. Codes of Practice The Code of Practice was developed by the profession for the profession and it outlines the behaviours expected when any group of people are gathered together – some are listed below: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Integrity Respect Care Practice Disclosure Responsibility As a practice, ensuring the basics are met promotes teamwork as well as professionalism, if I treat others as I would like to be treated the courtesy is generally returned and the more cohesive the team the more can be accomplished in tighter time scales and in a happier environment. 2|P a g e How to cite Roles, Responsibilities and Relationships in Lifelong Learning, Papers Roles, Responsibilities and Relationships in Lifelong Learning Free Essays Roles, Responsibilities and Relationships in Lifelong Learning The purpose of this assignment is to understand a teacher’s role and responsibilities in Lifelong Learning by summarising key aspects of legislation and codes of practise relating to the role of a teacher. Also by promoting equality, diversity and evaluating a teacher’s responsibility by identifying and meeting the needs of learners. It aims to understand the relationships between teachers and other professionals by analysing barriers, boundaries and reviewing points of referral to meet the needs of learners. We will write a custom essay sample on Roles, Responsibilities and Relationships in Lifelong Learning or any similar topic only for you Order Now Finally to understand a teacher’s responsibility for establishing and maintaining a safe and supportive learning environment and to explain how to promote appropriate behaviour and respect for others. I wish to teach multimedia design in a FE college or sixth form and my assignment will †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ A teacher needs to be aware of current legislation and codes of practise within their place of employment. Legislation must be adhered to by law whereas codes of practise are set by professional organisations, such as the Institute Of Learning (IOL) and can be often more specific to the industry. Related article: PTLLS Level 3 Assignments Examples The Equality Act 2010 protects against discrimination and â€Å"bans unfair treatment of people because of protected characteristics they have. † (Home Office, 2012) The nine protected characteristics include: age, sex, disability, sexual orientation, gender re-assignment, marriage civil partnership, pregnancy maternity, race and religion or belief. Part 6 Chapter 2 of the act specifically defines legislation in further or higher education. The Equality Act sets out the different ways in which it is unlawful to treat someone, such as direct and indirect discrimination, harassment, victimisation and failing to make a reasonable adjustment for a disabled person. † Disability can be both physically and mentally. â€Å"Approximately 2% of the global population†¦ have intellectual disabilities, making it one of the largest disability populations in the world. † (wear the laces REF) They are amongst the most vulnerable people in the world as they are â€Å"less likely to become employed, more likely to be victims of abuse and more likely to have poorer health have trouble finding care. (ibib) In a learning environment, a teacher can ensure students with difficulties are provided with the correct support. A deaf student may require a carer who can use sign language to communicate between teacher and student. They could be positioned at the front of class so they can see visual presentations clearly or to focus and lip-read on the teacher. It is important to maintain a safe working environment in the classroom. Health and safety is the responsibility of both the teacher and the organisation. The Health and Safety at work act 1974 â€Å"is the primary piece of legislation covering occupational health and safety in the United Kingdom. † (hse. gov. uk) In most schools and colleges in the UK, all electrical equipment is subject to an annual Portable Appliance Test (PAT) which ensures the appliance is safe to use. Teachers may advice students of correct posture when sitting at a computer for long periods and to take a 15 minute break every 2 hours. In art or scientific subjects, the teacher and students might need protective clothing and some students may be allergic to specific substances. Risk assessments must be completed by the teacher. There are limits to what a teacher can do in their position, known as professional boundaries, and it’s important not to cross these limits. A teacher, who may also be a qualified first aider, may feel it’s appropriate to administer first aid to an injured student. However if the teacher is not the designated first aider at the institution they would not be responsible. An exception to this would be if the student requires urgent medical attention, the teacher should use reasonable care until the designated first aider is present. Similarly a teacher may wish to offer counselling advice to a student. A teacher may not be qualified to provide this and counselling is not part of a teacher’s remit. The teacher should then refer the student to the designated councillor – the internal point of referral – or provide a contact number for an advice help line, known as an external point of referral. Boundaries are about knowing where a teacher’s role stops to ensure an equal learning experience to all learners. It is important to establish a safe and supportive learning environment. A teacher can achieve this by being a positive role model to their students and to be enthusiastic about their teaching. This should reflect in the student’s attitude and work. A casual approach to lessons will cause students to not pay attention, become disruptive and not turn up to lessons. Gravells suggests that â€Å"learners like routine and will expect you to be organised and professional. † (Gravells, 2008 p. 7) Setting ground rules will help learners know their limits and promote appropriate behaviour. Ground rules may include arriving on time, switching off mobile phones and not eating or drinking in class. Drinks in an IT room may spill over electrical equipment posing a health and safety risk. Ground rules give the learner added responsibility. â€Å"Often, if a rule is broken, it is the other learners that reprimand the offender. † (ibib p. 8) Ice-breakers are light-hearted exercises at the beginning of a course to introduce learners to each other, reduce anxiety and helps learners to relax into the course. Team exercises can be used throughout the course to energise learners, maintain focus, motivation and encourage teamwork. They also encourage learners who are more introverted to take an active part of the class. How to cite Roles, Responsibilities and Relationships in Lifelong Learning, Essay examples

Limiting Freedom of Speech free essay sample

McCorkle further elaborates these points; By limiting or denying freedom of speech and expression, we take away a lot of potential. We take away thoughts and ideas before they even have opportunity to hatch (307). From the sentence above, the important subject in this reading is very bold that people owns a lot of potential that can be more reached out if they can express themselves freely. All of these points on not to limit peoples expression in the way they want to think and talk can all be related from my own past experience. I still remember when I was in senior high school; I got an assignment from my English teacher to present a group drama. One of the line in the drama was, â€Å"Damn, I can’t stand with this anymore† as we were presenting a drama about a broken-hearted man and his love life. Amazingly, my group got a great appreciation from the audiences and we thought we were one of the best at that time. Despite of having nice grades, when the teacher gave back the result, we got 0 for that assignment. We were very shocked at that time and tried to talk with the teacher. Guess what, it is all because of the line when we used the word â€Å"damn† in the conversation. Thus, I’m trying to point out that there will always be limitation and consequences on our action. In fact, there will be no such time when the world becomes full of opportunities and possibilities that are limitless and people are free to explore the depth of their potentials from the freedom of expression and speech. Furthermore, I recognize there are some other possible ways in which the essays could be interpreted. At first, I personally feel that this ssay is very intriguing, also, I do not fully agree on how parents are supposed to give their children the so called cuss time session in order for them to understand the importance or the meaning of the freedom of speech. As I read all over again, I finally realize and understand something new. Although there will always be a controversy about letting child interact with such bad words, I can understand the concept of per mitting child express their freedom by letting them mouthing bad vocabulary is not just about to make them feel satisfy but rather to keep child from learning it from another person with no authority and responsibility. Also, there are many good ideas and perspective thinking behind the concept of cuss time that will lead children to be more positive in expressing themselves rather than having them express their thoughts under insecure condition and unsafe environment in the future. By that, what I mean is if child don’t get the right lesson on how to use freedom of speech and expression in a positive way, they can use it negatively in a wrong circumstances. Talking about different subject, I can clearly analyze that McCorckle often shifted the tone of her essay slowly to emphasize her points. The tone of humor as well as seriousness of her arguments can be found to be interwoven and one throughout her essay. The choices of words by McCockle to express humor can be easily spotted in the essay especially from her sentence Oh right, an angel of God placed you into the bill of the stork (306). This line is one the most brilliant and clever way to convey a sarcastic humor and create the feeling of funniness in reflecting the consequences of limiting freedom of speech. She then changes the tone to be more serious as the essay comes to an end, where she stated, You can deny who you are and all that came before you and still be thought as a good person. And what can be positive in that? † (307). This shows how the author wants to emphasize her argument about how people tend to camouflage their own potentials and expressions. In addition to the tone, McCorckle also chooses to use few short paragraphs but the essay mostly consists of long paragraph. I can’t tell exactly the exact pattern of the essay because she randomly put a short paragraph in the middle of long paragraph. But from my point of view, it does not affect the organization of the essay and it is still well done. This essay structurally connects very well and is made up of several flashbacks on a different kind of subject, which are tied together. At first, in the first paragraph, McCorkle shares her father’s childhood story to open up the main idea of her essay. Then the structure flows when the author tells a story about her son who share the first line of his own story where he puts some swear words in it and ask for a feedback. This flashback gives an understanding on the origin cuss time, what it is about and why she thinks it is the right way of parenting. The essay continues as Mc Corkle again shares her own flashback story regarding to her first public reading experience where she displayed her own freedom of speech on the reading and ended up getting mocked by others. Finally, these 2 parts of flashbacks are tied up in the last paragraph when she starts to share her thought about the lost of potential in our self when freedom and expression are taken away that make us tend to deny who we really are. Of course, from the title Cuss Time itself, we can easily infer that informal sentences are being used throughout the essay. Vocabulary words such as bitch, fuck, ass, goddamnit can be easily found. In conclusion, I personally think that the author has successfully developed the essay by several reasons. It gives a new idea of how freedom of speech in society should be given to children. In addition, a strong message of how people nowadays dont live in their own life is being conveyed too. Many of us still live in the world full of denial and safely hide under camouflages. Other than that, a bold and clear conclusion from the last paragraph really emphasizes the author’s main points. Other than that, her structure also really contributes to the successfulness of the writing. Even though at first I felt that this writing was a bit intimidating by the use of the words, after reading it several times and understand the author’s arguments fully, I can clearly say that this essay has been one of my exciting and favorite pieces of writing. There is an exciting pleasure that I got as I read throughout the end. Every details and point is well organized. The change of phases and times also flows in a perfect pace, which wraps up the essay with its content and structure neatly. Work Cited McCorckle, Jill. â€Å"Cuss Time†. The Best American Essays. Ed. Robert Atwan. New jajajajNew York: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2011. Print.